The globalisation of thinking styles: East meets West or never the twain shall meet

Author: Francesco Sofa, University of Canberra

Edition: Volume 45, Number 3, November 2005

Summary:  The research examined how Chinese leaders view the thinking process, what thinking styles they value and how they prefer to think. The methodological framework used quantitative analyses of two thinking styles inventories. The survey included a sample of nearly 300 leaders from a wide representation of industry sectors across China who completed Sofo’s Thinking Style Inventory (TSI) (Sofo 2002). Additionally, 22 of these leaders completed three forms of thinking style (Sternberg 1997). Another sample of 172 non-education leaders’ thinking styles were compared with 48 educational leaders’ thinking styles using independent sample t-tests and supported by analysis of variance. The findings showed that Chinese leaders have strong preferences for ‘executive’, ‘judicial’ and ‘legislative’ styles of thinking as well as high preferences for independent and exploring styles. They reported moderate preferences for ‘inquiring’ and ‘creative’ styles and low preference for ‘conditional’ style, an indication that Chinese leaders may be at the forefront of change in an historically conditional China.

Keywords: China, Sofo, Chinese leaders, preference

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The emergence of continuing education in China

Author/s: Xiao Chen and Gareth Davey

Edition: Volume 48, Number 1, April 2008

Summary: This article reports on continuing education in China. It discusses the emergence of the field in the 1980s, the Chinese characteristics of continuing education, recent developments, and limitations. Continuing education became available in China in the 1980s following a change in government policy and economic reform. It caters mainly for training specialist technicians, although the field has recently diversified to include programs for government officials, leaders of public services, teachers and the general public. Continuing education is increasing in popularity due to the developing economy that demands a skilled workforce. However, several problems and challenges limit the field’s development, including inaccessibility (particularly for the general public), out-dated curricula and teaching methods, and limited legislation. These issues need to be addressed if continuing education in China is to develop further, be of high quality and meet the needs of society.

Keywords: China, continuing education, policy, skilled workforce

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“Out of the Circle”: international students and the use of university counselling services

Author/s: Pius L.D. Ang and Pranee Liamputtong

Edition: Volume 48, Number 1, April 2008

Summary: In this paper, we attempt to gain a greater understanding of the adjustment experiences of international students from Mainland China in their first year at university. Three themes emerge from our data: lack of confidence in speaking English; the preference for using  family, partners and close friends as their support networks to deal with problems; and the lack of knowledge of university counselling services. The participants did not view the university counselling services as a support service they would use to assist them with their personal difficulties.

Keywords: international students, China, English, support networks, counselling services

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