Is society capable of learning? Beyond a metaphysical foundation

Author: Ya-hui Su
National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Taiwan

Edition: Volume 56, Number 3, November 2016

Summary: There is an assumption that any contemporary society should become a learning society to maintain stability in the face of change. Although proponents and policymakers take for granted that a society has the ability to learn, can this idea be defended? There is a problem in determining exactly what is meant by a learning society that learns. One response concerning whether a society has the ability to learn is negative, arguing that society lacks agency. In this article, I argue that society has the ability to learn by demonstrating how the negative position is untenable; I also show how the positive position is possible when the idea that a society has the ability to learn assumes a new meaning based on the view that a society is composed of individuals. I present Habermas’ view that society can be a learning mechanism on its own, yet I argue that social agency has a distinctive character on its own but not a distinctive character on its own behalf. We need not build a metaphysical foundation, which claims that society can be a learning mechanism on its own in a way that extends beyond the efforts of individuals to construct a self-image.

Keywords: individuals, society, intersubjectivity; learning; learning society

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This article is part of AJAL, Volume 56_3. The entire volume is available in .pdf for purchase here.

Developments in intellectual property and traditional knowledge protection

Author/s: Jane Anderson

Edition: Volume 49, Number 2, July 2009

Summary: In order to protect indigenous/traditional knowledge, intellectual property law must be leveraged in a way that is responsive to the dynamic inter-relationships between law, society and culture. Over the last decade, increased attention to Indigenous concerns has produced a wealth of literature and prompted recognition of the diverse needs of Indigenous peoples in relation to law, legal access and knowledge protection. There is much more that needs to be done, especially in closely considering what the consequences of legal protection are for the ways in which traditional/indigenous culture is understood and experienced by Indigenous communities and others. This paper considers the latest developments within this field and discusses what possibilities for further legal action exist within both international and local contexts.

Keywords: Indigenous, traditional knowledge, intellectual property law, society, culture

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This article is part of AJAL, Volume 49_2. The entire volume is available in .pdf for purchase here.